4 5 Global Warming Potential (GWP) is a metric used to compare the heat-trapping ability of di!erent greenhouse gases over a specific period, typically 100 years. The GWP of carbon dioxide is 1. 5 The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) is a United Nations body that assesses the latest scientific research on climate change, its impacts, and potential solutions. It provides policy-relevant reports based on global scientific consensus to guide governments and organisations in climate action and adaptation. 6 For movable units, the measurement criteria and reference standards used are as follows: Minister of Environment Regulation No.05-2006 concerning threshold of exhaust gas emissions for old motorised vehicles; Governor of South Sumatra Regulation No.06-2012 concerning emission quality standards from stationary sources and thresholds for motor vehicle exhaust emissions. 7 For immovable units, the measurement criteria and reference standards used are as follows: Minister of Environment Regulation No.04-2014 concerning quality standards for emissions for mining activities emission sources for supporting activities; Minister of Environment Regulation No.11-2021 concerning quality standards for emissions for internal combustion machines. Greenhouse Gas (GHG) Emissions An in-depth carbon inventory exercise was conducted to update our Scope 1 and Scope 2 GHG emission figures in 2025. We rely on fuel combustions for our emission factors from the United Kingdom’s Department for Environment, Food & Rural A!airs (DEFRA) emission factor database and grid emission factor from the Indonesia National Grid 2019 and Singapore’s Energy Market Authority 2024 data. For Scope 3 emissions, we utilised the Open CEDA methodology for emissions estimation, an emission factor database provided by Watershed. For greenhouse gas emissions calculations, we apply the global warming potential (GWP)4 rates from the IPCC 5th Assessment Report5. Since 2023, we have adopted a GHG intensity metric “tCO2e per ton of coal produced” which will continue to be used as a key indicator of our emissions performance. Fuel activity data are converted into energy using DEFRA-provided fuel conversion factors. Scope 3 emissions largely stem from contractor operations and are estimated using data from certified vendors, in line with industrial hygiene monitoring standards6 7. In 2025, our GHG emissions are reported as follows: • Scope 1 emissions amounted to 1,037 tCO2e, which is a 55% decrease compared to 2024; • Scope 2 emissions were 321 tCO2e, 4% increase compared to 2024; and • Scope 3 emissions were 134,769 tCO2e, a 13% increase compared to 2024 due to increased coal production volume and expanded Scope 3 operational boundary. Additionally, we have restated the Scope 2 emissions data from the reported figures in 2024. The emission data was adjusted to reflect the operational reality. Specifically, TRA’s 2024 Scope 2 emissions were reclassified as Scope 1 emissions, as electricity used in mining operations was generated by on-site diesel generators rather than procured from an external utility. Scope 3 emission for 2024 has also been restated to align with the 2025 data. Specifically, the source for the emission factors has been changed to Open CEDA by Watershed, allowing for Indonesia-specific emission factors to be used. In 2025, we continue to monitor our Scope 3 emissions, including Category 1 (Purchased Goods and Services) and Category 2 (Capital Goods), which were expanded in 2024 using data from our internal procurement system. Consistent tracking of these categories enables improved identification of emissions hotspots across our value chain, with contractor-related emissions remaining the largest contributor to Scope 3 emissions, as shown in the graph below. Continuous Improvement We continue to pursue opportunities to improve energy e"ciency and reduce energy consumption, while assessing the feasibility of lower-carbon energy options such as solar power and biodiesel for lighting, communications, and water heating at our existing mines. 1,152 336 339 25 99,181 34,888 148,282 351 Scope 2 Scope 3 Scope 1 Total Scope 1, 2 and 3 Emissions (tCO2e) 2023 2024 2025 1,037 134,769 321 2,319 119,738 309 Scope 3 GHG Emissions 2025 Scope 3 - Purchased Goods and Services (Contractors) Scope 3 - Other Purchased Goods and Services Scope 3 - Waste Generated in Operations Scope 3 - Fuel and Energy-related Activities Scope 3 - Business Travel 27
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